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I. Proposal of the Lithium-Ion Battery Concept and Early Exploration In modern battery technology, the lithium-ion battery is widely regarded as a truly revolutionary invention. The choice of lithium as the core element of this battery system is primarily attributed to its unique physical and chemical properties. Lithium is the lightest metal found in nature…

If one were to look through the periodic table for a metal that is “naturally suited” for batteries, lithium would almost certainly rank first. It is the lightest metal element found in nature and possesses an extremely low standard electrode potential (–3.045 V vs. SHE). The combination of these two properties gives lithium an exceptionally…

In lithium-ion battery R&D and manufacturing, people tend to focus their attention on the design parameters themselves—such as areal density, thickness, baking time, and so on.However, any process intended for mass production must include one crucial factor that is often overlooked: tolerance. Tolerance may seem insignificant, but it is the most important criterion for determining…

When people hear “Six Sigma,” the first reaction is often: “Isn’t that Motorola’s famous quality management method?” That’s right — Six Sigma was originally created to improve product quality and reduce defects. But later, people found that it could do far more: lower costs, increase efficiency, analyze supplier performance — it has spread into every…

Capacity is one of the most critical performance indicators of lithium-ion batteries. Whether during sample validation or mass production, low capacity is one of the most troublesome problems. However, the causes of low capacity are often not singular—it usually results from a combination of factors involving design, material selection, process, operation, and testing.This article introduces…

In the field of battery R&D, the process is filled with the art of opposition and balance. Just as yin and yang coexist and depend on each other in nature, numerous parameters within a battery system often stand in opposition and mutual constraint. Energy and safety, capacity and lifespan, efficiency and yield — these conflicting…

In the world of smartphones, Apple has always been renowned for its exceptional industrial design and precise internal architecture. Each generation of the iPhone represents a perfect fusion of technology and aesthetics. The brand-new iPhone 17 further exemplifies Apple’s relentless pursuit of excellence in structural design, component stacking, thermal management, and energy efficiency. In this…

With the global energy transition and low-carbon transformation accelerating, competition in electrochemical energy technologies has become a focal point. Lithium-ion batteries, backed by a mature industrial chain, are already widely used in consumer electronics and electric vehicles. Fuel cells, on the other hand, are highly regarded for their advantages in energy density and fast refueling….